What does the abbreviation "NPO" mean in a medical context?

The abbreviation "NPO" in a medical context stands for "nothing by mouth." This term is commonly used to indicate that a patient should not consume any food or liquids for a specific period of time, often prior to undergoing surgery or certain medical tests. This restriction is critical for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of various medical procedures, as having food or drink in the stomach can lead to complications, such as aspiration during anesthesia.

The other options do not convey the established medical meaning of "NPO." "Next patient observation" might refer to patient management but lacks the specific directive implied by "NPO." "Not prescribed medication" is unrelated to dietary restrictions and does not fit within typical medical abbreviations. "New patient order" might relate to administrative processes in healthcare but doesn't apply in the context of dietary intake restrictions.