What is the first written source of medical ethics?

The Code of Hammurabi is recognized as one of the earliest written sources of medical ethics. Originating from ancient Babylon around 1754 BC, this code contains laws that include regulations on medical practice, physicians' responsibilities, and the penalties for malpractice. It lays foundational principles regarding the practice of medicine, emphasizing the importance of accountability and the ethical treatment of patients.

In contrast, the Hippocratic Oath, while significant in the history of medical ethics, was developed later and primarily addresses the ethical duties of physicians rather than establishing a comprehensive legal framework like the Code of Hammurabi. The Flexner Report, published in 1910, focused on medical education reform rather than directly addressing ethical practices. Similarly, the American Medical Association Guidelines provide contemporary standards but are not the first written source of medical ethics. Thus, the Code of Hammurabi stands out as the pioneering document in the realm of medical ethics, establishing early standards for ethical medical conduct.